FLQ+Crisis

=FLQ - Front de Libération du Québec=

 Canada was known as a country of prosperity, riches, and natural resources. It was supposed to be a country where changes would be made, and it would be a land like no other. Fortunately, Canada was, and always will be what people know it as. But, it is also almost always accepted as a country where there is conflict between both the British and the French. 

There was always a time where the French Canadians had thought that equality and respect should be given fairly to themselves. As time passed by, the French Canadians took the fact that they were not given the respect and dignity that they deserved, and the idea of separatism came in mind. Many of the French Canadians had wanted to isolate themselves, and to take away Québec from Canada. As time progressed, groups of separatists took charge, and advertised that as long as Québec stayed with Canada, French Canadians would never see the respect, appreciation or equality that they all sought. The two main groups of separatists that took over Québec included the **Front de Libération due Québec ** (FLQ) and the **Armée de Libération due Québec ** (ALQ). Both groups used terrorism to achieve separatism, but the FLQ had taken situations to another level.

The Front de Libération du Québec was a group of revolutionaries that came together during the month of March, 1963. At the time, the members had been trained by Georges Schoeters, a Belgian soldier, and leader. Some of the members of the FLQ were also trained by the military, and assassination was one of the many topics that were covered. The FLQ was split into 7 cells, which were smaller groups of members. They included: 1. The Viger Cell 2. The Dieppe Cell 3. The Louis Riel Cell 4. The Nelson Cell 5. The Saint-Denis Cell 6. **The Liberation Cell ** 7. **The Chenier Cell ** 

There were over 200 bombings caused by the different cells in the group. Also, one of the largest internal terrorist activities that Canada has ever seen was committed by two of the cells in the FLQ. The inspiration and motivation that had stirred up in the different cells had given the group and opportunity to change Canada, and when they took that chance, terror streamed and overcame the province of Québec. 

The October Crisis/FLQ Crisis was a situation caused by the conflict between the FLQ and the government of Canada. The crisis led to the kidnapping of two politicians and the murder of one. James Richard Cross, the Senior British trade commissioner was kidnapped on the 5th of October, 1970, and was imprisoned for 59 days. Pierre Laporte, the Québec Labor Minister was also kidnapped, but was killed after 8 days of being held. The members of the FLQ had demanded the release of 23 prisoners, $500 000 in gold bars, and a publication of the FLQ Manifesto (their beliefs). A more detailed list can be found [|here]  11 days after the beginning of the incident, the prime minster, Pierre Trudeau proclaimed the War Measures Act, allowing police officers and the military to arrest anyone who shows suspicious activities related to the crisis. On the 4th of December, Cross is let go, and after 59 days of imprisonment, 5 of the members of Liberation Cell were released and flown to Cuba.


 * Time Line/Activities of the FLQ **

FLQ was founded during that month, 3 federal armories and 1 in Westmount were blown up 
 * March 1963 **<span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">

Stole $50 000 worth of cash and military equipment. Killed the Vice President and an employee at International Firearms <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Started associating with striking workers <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">
 * <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1964 **<span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
 * <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1965-1967 **<span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">

<span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Started using stronger bombs <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Set them off at:
 * <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1968 **<span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">

A federal government library <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">McGill University <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Jean Drapeau’s Home <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Provincial Department of Labour <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Montreal Stock Exchange – 27 people were injured <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">

<span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The group split into 2 cells; the Chenier Cell, which was lead by Paul rose, and the Liberation Cell, which was lead by Jacques Lanctot. In total, there were 12 members. <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">
 * <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1969 **<span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">

<span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">October/FLQ Crisis <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">
 * <span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1970 **<span style="font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">

The Canadian Encyclopedia The Knowledge Rush Encyclopedia**
 * Sources used:
 * The Historica website**